IGNOU MCH 11 2026 2027 - With a suitable example explain intermolecular antiferromagnetism. Giv

Question

With a suitable example explain intermolecular antiferromagnetism. Give its mechanism for the
case of direct metal-metal interaction. Give suitable illustrations.

17 Jul 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 295

Intermolecular antiferromagnetism is a type of magnetic ordering in which the magnetic moments of neighboring metal ions belonging to different molecules or adjacent structural units align in opposite directions. As a result, the net magnetic moment becomes very small or zero below a characteristic temperature called the Néel temperature. This phenomenon arises due to exchange interactions between unpaired electrons on neighboring metal centers. A suitable example is manganese(II) oxide (MnO), nickel(II) oxide (NiO), or transition metal complexes containing closely spaced metal ions. In such systems, each metal ion possesses unpaired electrons, but adjacent spins orient antiparallel because this arrangement minimizes the total energy of the crystal. In the case of direct metal-metal interaction, the exchange mechanism occurs through

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