Why does turbulent rivers have high dissolved oxygen content? Can you draw analogy from any laboratory practice?
A river that flows rapidly will have a turbulent surface, with much more surface area for oxygen to diffuse across than a flat, slow moving river. Thus the atmospheric pressure can drive more oxygen into the water. Also, the turbulence created by churning waters causes air to hit the water at a high pressure, allowing more oxygen to become dissolved.
This white water creek is an example of how turbulence creates more surface area, allowing more oxygen to diffuse into the water.
An important example of mass transfer in bioprocessing is the supply of oxygen in fer- menters for aerobic culture. The concentration of oxygen at the surface of air bubbles is high compared with that in the bulk of the liquid; this concentration gradient promotes oxygen transfer from the bubbles into the medium. Another example is the extraction of penicillin from fermentation liquor using organic solvents
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