The reformist movement refers to a series of intellectual, social, and religious initiatives in India that emerged primarily during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with the aim of transforming society from within by removing social evils and adapting traditions to changing historical conditions. Rooted in Indian sociological traditions, these movements sought gradual change rather than radical rupture, combining respect for indigenous culture with selective acceptance of modern ideas such as rationality, equality, and humanism. Reformist movements arose in response to colonial rule, Western education, and internal social stagnation. Indian thinkers and social leaders critically examined customs like sati, child marriage, caste discrimination, untouchability, and the subordinate status of