Social security is a system of public measures and social policies designed to protect individuals and families against economic and social hardships arising from unemployment, sickness, disability, maternity, old age, work-related injuries, and the death of a breadwinner. It aims to provide a minimum standard of living and ensure that every individual can meet basic needs with dignity. Social security is regarded as a fundamental human right because it promotes social justice, equality, and human welfare. It is provided through government schemes, employer contributions, insurance programs, and social assistance measures. In the context of social work, social security is an essential mechanism for protecting vulnerable groups and promoting inclusive development. The concept of social security developed gradually with the growth of industrialization and the welfare state. Traditional societies relied on families, communities, and religious institutions for support during times of need. However, industrialization, urbanization, and the breakdown of joint family systems created new social and economic risks. Governments therefore introduced organized systems of social protection. The Social Security Act of the United States in 1935 and the recommendations of the Beveridge Report in the United Kingdom in 1942 significantly influenced the development of modern social security systems. In India, social security has evolved through constitutional provisions, labour laws, and various welfare schemes aimed at ensuring social and economic justice. The scope of social security is broad and covers both social insurance and social assistance. Social insurance includes contributory schemes in which employees, employers, and the government share responsibility for financing benefits. Examples include pension schemes, health insurance, provident funds, and employee state insurance. Social assistance includes non-contributory benefits funded