What is problem behavior? Discuss the various techniques for conducting functional
behavioural assessment.
Problem behaviors are those that aren’t considered typically acceptable. Nearly everyone can have a moment of disruptive behavior or an error in judgment. However, problem behavior is a consistent pattern.
Problem behaviors can vary in terms of severity. They can occur in children as well as in adults. People with problem behaviors often require medical intervention to improve their symptoms.
Problem behavior can have many symptoms, including but not limited to:
- abuse of alcohol or drugs
- agitation
- angry, defiant behaviors
- carelessness
- disinterest or withdrawal from daily life
- drug use
- emotional flatness
- excessive, disruptive talking
- hoarding useless objects
- inappropriate behavior
- inflated self-esteem or overconfidence
- obsessive thoughts
- poor judgment
- property damage
- self-injury
Problem behavior can range from the absence of emotions to aggressive emotions.
According to the Merck Manual, behavior problems often show themselves in different ways among girls and boys. For example, boys with problem behavior may fight, steal, or deface property. Girls with problem behavior may lie or run away from home. Both are at greater risk for drug and alcohol abuse.
The process for conducting a FBA involves three different types of strategies: indirect assessment, direct observation, and functional analysis. These activities are completed by a team, including the teacher (or teachers), the student, parents, and other important individuals. A team approach ensures that the FBA gathers accurate information that reflects the perspectives of the student and the people within his or her social network. Sharing responsibilities for completing a more complicated FBA can reduce stress for any one person in the group. Schools who are implementing school-wide PBS often embed the FBA and PBS planning process into already existing student support teams.
Indirect Assessment
Indirect assessment strategies are often the first type of FBA strategy conducted and involve a combination of activities including:
interviews,
record reviews, and
checklists and questionnaires
Interviews Interviews with key people are used to determine the concerns and perspectives about the student and to begin identifying the events associated with the occurrence and nonoccurrence of problem behavior. Teachers who are reporting that the student engages in problem behavior
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