Power is a fundamental concept in sociology that refers to the ability of an individual or group to influence, control, or direct the behaviour, decisions, and actions of others, even against resistance. It is not merely based on physical force but also on authority, legitimacy, knowledge, resources, and social relationships. Power operates at different levels of society, including interpersonal interactions, organizations, institutions, and the state. It shapes social structures, determines the distribution of resources, and influences opportunities, privileges, and life chances. Sociologists such as Max Weber defined power as the probability that an actor within a social relationship will be able to carry out his or her own will despite resistance. Michel Foucault viewed power as diffused throughout society and embedded in discourse, knowledge, and everyday practices rather than concentrated solely in political institutions. Power is exercised through various instruments that enable individuals, organizations, and states to achieve desired outcomes. These instruments are often interconnected and operate simultaneously. Force or coercion is one of the oldest instruments of power. It involves the use or threat of physical violence to secure obedience. Governments employ police, military, and legal enforcement agencies to maintain law and order. Although coercion may produce immediate compliance, excessive reliance on force often weakens legitimacy and generates resistance. Authority is a more stable instrument of power because it is based on legitimacy and acceptance by those who obey. Weber identified three forms of legitimate authority: traditional authority based on customs and traditions, charismatic authority derived from the exceptional qualities of a leader, and legal-rational authority founded on laws and formal rules. Authority ensures voluntary