IGNOU MZOE 002 2026 - What is parental manipulation? Describe various ways in which parents

Question

What is parental manipulation? Describe various ways in which parents manipulate their progeny.

29 Jan 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 275

Parental manipulation refers to strategies by which parents influence the behavior, physiology, or development of their offspring in ways that enhance parental fitness, sometimes at a cost to the immediate interests of the progeny. In animal behavior, this concept is closely linked to parent–offspring conflict, where parents and offspring differ in their optimal allocation of resources such as food, care, and protection. From an animal welfare ethics perspective, parental manipulation raises questions

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