Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions are two fundamental concepts in occupational safety, particularly in high-risk sectors like the construction industry. Unsafe acts refer to deliberate or inadvertent behaviors by workers that deviate from established safety protocols and increase the likelihood of accidents or injuries. These acts often arise from carelessness, lack of training, complacency, or intentional disregard for safety rules. For example, in the construction industry, an employee working at height without properly securing a harness or failing to wear a helmet while on a construction site constitutes an unsafe act. Similarly, operating heavy machinery without adequate training or bypassing safety interlocks to speed up work are classic examples of unsafe acts. Such behaviors not only put the individual at risk but can also endanger coworkers in close proximity. Unsafe acts are often addressed through training, strict supervision, and promoting a culture of safety awareness where workers recognize the consequences of their actions. On the other hand, unsafe conditions are physical or environmental factors present at the workplace that create hazards, independent of the worker's behavior. These conditions stem from poor maintenance, inadequate infrastructure, or substandard equipment, making the work environment inherently risky. In construction,