What is meant by Economic, Social and Cultural Rights? Describe the main rights contained in the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
Economic, social, and cultural rights include the human right to work, the right to an adequate standard of living, including food, clothing, and housing, the right to physical and mental health, the right to social security, the right to a healthy environment, and the right to education.
Economic, social and cultural rights are part of the body of human rights law that developed in the aftermath of World War II. Human rights law includes all economic and social rights, as well as civil and political rights like the right to free speech and the right to a fair trial. These rights are deeply intertwined: for example, the right to speak freely means little without a basic education, the right to vote means little if you are suffering from starvation. Similarly, the right to work means little if you are not allowed to meet and assemble in groups to discuss work conditions.
The most important human rights law is in the International Bill of Human Rights, which includes the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Economic and social rights are also included in numerous other human rights legal instruments. Among the most important are:
- Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
- Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
- Vienna World Conference on Human Rights Declaration and Plan of Action
- Conventions of the International Labor Organization
- The Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, yet to come into force.
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
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