Liberty, in the context of political theory, refers to the condition in which individuals are free to act according to their own will, choices, and preferences without undue interference from external authorities, particularly the state. It is a central concept in political philosophy, as it shapes the understanding of individual rights, responsibilities, and the limits of governmental power. Liberty is often distinguished from mere license, as it implies a structured freedom guided by law, ethics, and social norms, ensuring that the exercise of one’s freedom does not infringe upon the freedoms of others. Classical liberal thinkers such as John Locke and Montesquieu emphasized liberty as a natural right inherent to all human beings. Locke argued that liberty is an essential aspect of human nature, and individuals possess the freedom to govern their own lives, property, and choices, constrained only by the necessity to respect the rights of others. Montesquieu, on the other hand, highlighted the