Genetic polymorphism refers to the occurrence of two or more genetically determined variants, or alleles, at a particular gene locus in a population, where the frequency of the least common allele is at least 1%. It is a normal and stable feature of populations and differs from rare mutations because polymorphisms are relatively common and are maintained over generations. Genetic polymorphism contributes significantly to human diversity and influences physical characteristics, physiological traits, susceptibility to diseases, response to drugs, and adaptation to different environments. The existence of polymorphism is maintained by evolutionary forces such as mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and balancing selection. Since polymorphisms are inherited according to Mendelian principles, they serve as valuable tools in population genetics, evolutionary biology, medical genetics, forensic science, and genetic mapping. Polymorphisms occur at different levels of the genome, including variations in single nucleotides, repeated DNA sequences, insertions, deletions, and structural rearrangements. Advances in molecular biology have enabled the identification of these variations using molecular markers. Molecular markers are identifiable DNA sequences located at specific positions in the genome that can distinguish individuals or populations based on genetic differences. They are highly reliable because they are not influenced by environmental conditions and remain stable throughout an individual's life. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) is one of the earliest molecular markers used to detect genetic variation. It is based on differences in DNA fragment lengths produced after digestion with specific restriction enzymes.