Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of life forms on Earth, encompassing the different species of plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, the genetic differences within these species, and the ecosystems they form. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the environment and the functioning of ecological systems. Biodiversity ensures ecosystem productivity, resilience, and stability by contributing to services such as air and water purification, pollination of plants, nutrient cycling, and climate regulation. The loss of biodiversity, particularly in urban and semi-urban areas, threatens these ecosystem services, thereby affecting both environmental health and human well-being. Biodiversity can be classified into three main levels: genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Genetic diversity refers to the variation in genes within a species, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments and resist diseases. Species diversity indicates the number and abundance of different species in a particular region. Ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of habitats and ecological processes in an area, which support a range of species interactions and functions. In the context of urban development, biodiversity is often under threat due to habitat fragmentation, pollution, invasive species, overexploitation, and the expansion of built environments. Urban areas, due to rapid industrialization and population growth, face significant pressure on natural resources. The expansion of cities often leads to the destruction of natural habitats and the displacement of flora and fauna. To counteract this, the concept of urban forestry has emerged as an important ecological and planning strategy. Urban forestry refers to the management and cultivation of trees and green spaces in and around urban settings to enhance biodiversity, improve air and water quality, provide recreational opportunities,