What do you understand by formulating a hypothesis? Briefly discuss the different forms of hypothesis.
A hypothesis is an assumption or suggested explanation about how two or more variables are related. It is a crucial step in the scientific method and, therefore, a vital aspect of all scientific research . There are no definitive guidelines for the production of new hypotheses. The history of science is filled with stories of scientists claiming a flash of inspiration, or a hunch, which then motivated them to look for evidence to support or refute the idea.
While there is no single way to develop a hypothesis, a useful hypothesis will use deductive reasoning to make predictions that can be experimentally assessed. If results contradict the predictions, then the hypothesis under examination is incorrect or incomplete and must be revised or abandoned. If results confirm the predictions, then the hypothesis might be correct but is still subject to further testing.
Both quantitative and qualitative research involve formulating a hypothesis to address the research problem. A hypothesis will generally provide a causal explanation or propose some association between two variables. Variables are measurable phenomena whose values can change under different conditions. For example, if the hypothesis is a causal explanation, it will involve at least one dependent variable and one independent variable. In research, independent variables are the cause of the change. The dependent variable is the effect, or thing that is changed. In other words, the value of a dependent variable depends on the value of the independent variable. Of course, this assumes that there is an actual relationship between the two variables. If there is no relationship, then the value of the dependent variable does not depend on the value of the independent variable.
A hypothesis is an educated prediction that provides an explanation for an observed event. An observed event is a measurable result or condition. If you can't measure it, then you can't form a hypothesis about it because you can't confirm or reject it. In addition, a hypothesis typically takes the form of an if-then statement so you can test it with your research. What does our hypothesis look like?
'If we increase the amount of light during studying, then the participant's performance on test scores will decrease.'
Let's break down our hypothesis. First off, it is an if-then statement:
___ ____ _______ __________ ____ ____.
_____ ____ _________ ____ ____ ____ _____ ______ ________ ___ _____ ________.
___ ________ __________ _______ _____ ___ ______ __________ _____ ________ ___ _____.
___ __________ _______ ___ __________ ______ ____ ________ _________ _________ _____.
______ ___ ________ ______ ________ ________ ____ _________ ________ ____.
_________ ___ ______ _______ ____ ____ _______.
_________ _______ ______ _______ ____ _________ _______ __________ _________ ____ _________ ____.
____ ______ _______ _________ ____ __________ ____.
___ _____ _______ ___ __________ ___ ____ ______ ______ _________.
_________ ______ __________ _________ ___ ___.
__________ _____ _______ _________ __________.
______ ___ ________ ______ __________ _______ ________ _________ ____ ______ ____ _____.
______ ______ ________ ________ _______.
__________ _____ ___ _____ ________ __________ ________ ___.
____ __________ ____ ________ _______.
________ __________ ____ _________ __________ __________.
___ __________ ______ __________ ____ ____ ___ _________ _______ ________ _______.
_________ _________ __________ ______ ______ _______.
__________ ___ ____ __________ __________ __________ _____ _______ _______ _____ ____.
__________ _______ _______ ___ _________ ________ _______ _______ ____ ________.
____ __________ ____ ________ __________ ________ ____ __________ ____ ______ _____ ________.
________ _________ ___ _________ ___ ________ ____ ____ ______ ______ ______.
_________ _______ ______ _____ ___ _________ ___ ___ _______.
______ ________ ____ __________ ________ ______.
______ ____ ______ __________ __________ _____ ______ _______ _______ _____.
_____ __________ _________ _________ ______ _____ _______.
___ _____ ___ _____ _____.
_____ ______ ________ _______ ______ ____ _________ ___ _________ __________ __________ _________.
___ _______ _____ _____ __________ _____ ______ ______ ______.
___ ____ _____ ______ __________ ___ ___ _______.
___ ____ _____ ________ ____ ______.
______ _________ ____ _________ ____ ________ ____ ____ ______.
___ _______ ___ ____ _____ ________.
_______ ____ _________ _________ ____ ______ ____ __________ ________ _________ _____.
_________ ___ _____ _____ ________ _________ ________ ______ ________ ______ ______ ________.
_________ _________ _______ ________ _________ ______ _________ ____ _________ _____.
________ _________ _____ ______ ______.
______ _________ _____ __________ _______ ___ _____ ______ ______.
_____ __________ ________ __________ _______ _________ _________ _________ ___ ___ _____ ________.
__________ _______ __________ _______ _____ _________ __________.
___ _________ _______ ___ _______ ________ ___ ________ _____.
_____ _____ _________ ________ ___.
_______ _____ __________ ___ _____ ______ __________ __________ __________ ______ __________.
_______ _________ ____ _________ _____ ______ _____ ________.
_____ _____ ______ ___ ____ ________ _____.
_____ _____ _____ ___ _______ _______ _________ ________ ____.
____ ______ __________ ___ ____ ________ _____ ___.
________ _______ ___ _____ _____ __________ _____.
______ _________ ______ _______ _______ ______ _____ __________ _____ _____.
_______ ______ ________ ______ ___ ___ ____.
______ ________ ______ _____ ______ __________ ________ _________ ________.
________ ______ ________ _______ ________ _________ __________ ______ _________ ______ _________.
______ _______ ________ __________ ____ _____ ________ ___ ____ _______.
____ _________ _________ _______ _____ ______ __________ ________ ________ __________.
_______ ___ ___ ____ ________.
___ _____ _________ __________ ______ _____.
___ ___ _____ ______ _______ __________.
___ ______ ______ ____ _______ _______ _________.
_____ _____ ______ _________ _______ _____ ___ ___ __________ ________ ___ __________.
___ ________ _____ _________ _______ _________.
______ ______ _______ ____ ______ _______ _________.
________ ______ ______ ______ _________ ___ _________ _________.
____ ________ _____ ___ _______ ________ _____ ___ ____.
___ _____ __________ ______ ______.
__________ ______ _____ ___ __________ _________ _______ ______.
________ _____ _____ ________ _____ _____ _________.
________ _____.
- Solved Assignments
- Study Notes
- Guess Papers
- Question Papers
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
Given here are the scores of 20 students who took a practical course in nutrition.
For the scores present give the
i) The frequency distribution and cumulative frequency distribution.
ii) Frequency polygon.
Test the difference in the attitude of male and female subjects towards eating junk foods based on the distribution given herewith (at 0.5 level of significance:
Observations
Enumerate on the following research tools and also list their uses and limitations:
i) Questionnaire and schedules
Tests
Define the term research. Brieflydiscuss the research process, highlighting the importance of objectives, sampling, data collection and data analysis.
Briefly describe how can you ensure the quality of data collected is sound.