Environmental colonialism refers to the processes through which powerful nations, corporations, or social groups exploit, control, and degrade the environments of less powerful regions and communities, often in ways that mirror the political, economic, and cultural domination characteristic of classical colonialism. It highlights how environmental burdens such as pollution, resource depletion, toxic waste, and ecological risks are disproportionately transferred to marginalized populations, while the benefits of resource extraction and consumption are enjoyed elsewhere. From the perspective of environmental sociology, environmental colonialism is not merely an ecological issue but a deeply social phenomenon rooted in global inequalities, historical power relations, and uneven development. Historically, environmental colonialism can be traced back to the era of European imperial expansion, when colonized territories were viewed primarily as sources of raw materials and cheap labor. Forests were cleared for plantations, minerals were extracted for metropolitan industries, and ecosystems were reshaped to serve colonial economic interests. Indigenous knowledge systems and sustainable practices were often dismissed or suppressed, replaced by exploitative modes of production that prioritized profit over ecological balance. The environmental degradation that resulted was not accidental but structurally embedded in colonial systems that externalized ecological costs onto colonized lands and peoples. In the contemporary world, environmental colonialism persists in new and more complex forms, often referred to as neo-colonial or postcolonial environmental domination. Multinational corporations play a central role in this process by locating environmentally harmful activities such as mining, oil extraction, chemical manufacturing, and waste disposal in developing countries or marginalized regions. These locations are often chosen because of weak environmental regulations, limited political power,