Question
List the various health indicators used to measure the health status of an individual. Explain any five of them in brief.
Answer :
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Skip in 10
Health indicators are required in order to measure the health status of people and communities.
Mortality indicators
- Crude death rate
- Life expectancy
- Infant mortality rate
- Maternal mortality rate
- Proportional mortality rate
Morbidity indicators
- Prevalence
- Incidence
- Others
Health status(conditions)
Incidence counts of any of the following in a population may be health indicators:[3]
- Low birth weight
- Obesity
- Arthritis
- Diabetes
- Asthma
- High blood pressure
- Cancer incidence
- Chronic pain
- Oral health
- Depression
- hospital visits due to injury
- reports of waterborne diseases or foodborne illness
Disability indicators
- Disability adjusted life years (DALY)
- Others: Activities of daily living (ADL), Musculoskeletal disability (MSD) score etc.
Nutritional indicators
- Proportion of low birth weight
- Prevalence of anaemia
- Proportion of overweight individuals
- Nutritional intake assessments
Social and mental health indicators
- Alcohol related indicators
- Injury rates
Health system indicators
- Healthcare delivery related
- Health policy indicators
Health Determinant
- Smoking habits
- alcohol consumption habits
- Physical exercise habits
- Breastfeeding
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of their birth, their current age and other demographic factors including gender. The most commonly used measure of life expectancy is at birth (LEB), which can be defined in two ways. Cohort LEB is the mean length of life of an actual birth cohort (all individuals born a given year) and can be computed only for cohorts born many decades ago,
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