Liming, manuring and stocking of ponds are fundamental management practices used to prepare and maintain ponds for successful freshwater aquaculture. These processes aim to improve water quality, enhance natural productivity and ensure optimal growth and survival of cultured fish. Liming refers to the application of lime materials to pond soil and water to correct acidity and improve the chemical condition of the pond. Many freshwater ponds, especially those in tropical and subtropical regions, have acidic soils and water, which adversely affect fish health, plankton production and nutrient availability. Liming increases the pH of water, enhances alkalinity and hardness, improves microbial activity and releases nutrients locked in the pond bottom. Common liming materials include agricultural lime (calcium carbonate), quick lime (calcium oxide) and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). The quantity of lime required depends on soil pH and pond condition. Liming is generally carried out before filling the pond or during pond preparation by evenly spreading the