Existentialism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily in Europe. It is a diverse and complex tradition within Western philosophy that focuses on the exploration of human existence, individuality, and the fundamental questions of human life. There are several general characteristics and important themes associated with existentialism that help define this philosophical movement.

1. Emphasis on Individual Existence:
Existentialism places a strong emphasis on individual existence. It rejects the idea of reducing human beings to abstract concepts or categories and instead emphasizes the uniqueness and freedom of each individual. Existentialists argue that individuals must confront the reality of their own existence and make choices that define who they are.

2. Freedom and Responsibility:
One of the central themes in existentialism is the concept of freedom and the responsibility that comes with it. Existentialists assert that humans are fundamentally free to make choices and that this freedom is both a source of anxiety and a source of individuality. With freedom comes the burden of responsibility for one's actions and choices, and existentialists argue that individuals must take ownership of their decisions, even in the face of an indifferent or absurd universe.

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