The Realist approach is a significant and enduring perspective in the study of international relations. Rooted in the belief that states are the primary actors in the international system, Realism provides a framework for understanding the behavior of states and the dynamics of the global political landscape. Several key concepts characterize the Realist approach, shaping its analysis of international relations theory and problems.

1. State-Centrism:
   Realism places the state at the center of its analysis. According to Realist thinkers such as Hans Morgenthau and E.H. Carr, states are sovereign entities with a primary focus on their own survival and interests. This state-centric view argues that the behavior of states is driven by a rational pursuit of power and security. States are considered as unitary actors, each seeking to maximize its relative power and ensure its survival in the anarchic international system.

2. Anarchy and Self-Help:
   Realism posits that the international system is anarchic, meaning that there is no overarching authority or world government to regulate state behavior. In the absence of a higher authority, states are left to rely on self-help mechanisms to ensure their security and protect their interests. This leads to a constant struggle for power and the development of military