Question

State Fermat’s principle. On the basis of this principle, show that when light passes from a medium of lower refractive index to a medium of higher refractive index, it

bends towards the normal to the interface between the two media.

27 Jan 2018
Answer :
Word Count : 544

Fermat's principle or the principle of least time, named after French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, is the principle that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time. This principle is sometimes taken as the definition of a ray of light. However, this version of the principle is not general; a more modern statement of the principle is that rays of light traverse the path of stationary optical length with respect to variations of the path. In other words, a ray of light prefers the path such that there are other paths, arbitrarily nearby on either side, along which the ray

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