Scattering is the process by which electromagnetic radiation is redirected in different directions after interacting with particles or molecules present in the Earth's atmosphere. It is one of the most important atmospheric phenomena in remote sensing because it influences the amount and quality of radiation that reaches the Earth's surface and returns to remote sensors. Atmospheric scattering affects image clarity, contrast, colour, and the interpretation of remotely sensed data. The extent of scattering depends on factors such as the wavelength of radiation, the size and concentration of atmospheric particles, and the composition of the atmosphere. Scattering occurs when incoming solar radiation strikes atmospheric constituents such as gas molecules, dust particles, water vapour, smoke, aerosols, and cloud droplets. Part of the radiation is absorbed, while another part is scattered in different directions. This scattered radiation may never reach the Earth's surface or may enter the sensor from unwanted directions, thereby creating atmospheric noise. Correct understanding of scattering is therefore essential for accurate analysis of satellite imagery. Rayleigh scattering is the first and most common type of atmospheric scattering. It occurs when the atmospheric particles are much smaller than the wavelength of the incoming electromagnetic radiation. Molecules of nitrogen and oxygen are primarily responsible for this type of scattering. Rayleigh scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of