Question
Respiration in cyclostomes.
Answer :
Word Count : 257
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Respiration in cyclostomes is carried out primarily through a specialized branchial apparatus adapted to their primitive mode of life. Cyclostomes, such as lampreys and hagfishes, lack true jaws and paired fins, and their respiratory system reflects this ancestral condition. The chief respiratory organs are the gill pouches, which are sac-like structures arranged laterally in the pharyngeal region. Typically, there are six to fifteen pairs of gill pouches depending on the species. Each gill pouch opens
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