Why are cytological evidences and physiological evidences essential in systematic research?
Cytological Evidence
Cytology is the study the morphology and physiology of cells. The information about the chromosome number, shape and pairing at meiosis is used for classification purpose. Cytotaxonomy refers to the use ofchromosome number and morphology as data for classification. Cytogenetics includes those studies dealing with observations of chromosome palrmg or behavlour at meiosis. In angiospenns haploid number chromosomes ranges from n=2 in Haplopapus gracilis (compositae) to around n=132 m Poa littoroa (Grammeae). Most angiospenns have chromosome numbers ranging between n=7 and n=12, About 30 to 40 per cent of floweringplants are polyploids. Polyploids are organisms that have higher chromosome numbers because of multiplication of chromosome sets. In flowering plants there are several kinds of polyploid number relationship, Pinus (Pinaceae) is homoploid with n=12, while in compositae family the different
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