Discuss the models of behavior change and explain their importance in the context of
HIV prevention.
The behaviour-change-stage model offers an explanation of the stages through which an individual will progress during a change in health behaviour. It is not so much a theory of how behaviour change happens as a ‘meta-theory’ of stages people go through in changing their behaviour, regardless of the underlying drivers of that change.
This model is particularly associated with notions of ‘relapse’ behaviour, and has been used widely in the treatment of alcoholism and smoking. It divides behaviour change into the following stages:
- pre-contemplation – lack of awareness of risk, or no intention to change risk behaviour
- contemplation – beginning to consider behaviour change without commitment to do anything immediately
- preparation – a definite intention to take preventive action in the near future
- action – modification of behaviour, environment or cognitive experience to overcome the problem
- maintenance – the stabilisation of the new behaviour and avoidance of relapse.
This model was used as the basis for the US AIDS Community Demonstration Projects, which targeted five at-risk populations in five US cities. Messages were developed from the experiences of community members to model behaviour-change steps, and messages were developed to target people considered to be at each of these five stages.
A similar
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