Psychiatric disorders of the puerperium are mental health conditions that occur during the postpartum period, usually within the first few weeks after childbirth. The puerium is a period of major physical, hormonal, psychological, and social adjustment for the mother. Changes in estrogen and progesterone levels, exhaustion, pain, sleep deprivation, anxiety about the newborn, breastfeeding difficulties, and changes in family relationships may affect the mother's emotional well-being. Maternal Health Nursing emphasizes early recognition, supportive care, prevention of complications, and timely referral because postpartum psychiatric disorders can adversely affect both mother and baby. The main psychiatric disorders of the puerperium are postpartum blues, postpartum depression, and postpartum psychosis. These conditions differ in their onset, severity, symptoms, and management. Postpartum blues, also called maternity blues or baby blues, is the most common and mildest emotional disturbance after childbirth. It usually develops within three to five days after delivery and generally resolves within two weeks. The mother may experience sudden crying, irritability, mood changes, anxiety, emotional sensitivity, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and disturbed sleep. She may feel overwhelmed by the responsibilities of caring for the newborn. These symptoms are often related to hormonal changes, physical exhaustion, lack of sleep, discomfort, and adjustment to motherhood. The mother usually remains oriented and is able to care for herself and the baby. Nursing care for postpartum blues includes reassurance, emotional support, adequate rest, proper nutrition, assistance with infant care, and encouragement to express feelings. The nurse should explain to the mother and family that mild emotional changes are relatively common after childbirth but should be monitored. Family members should be encouraged to provide practical and emotional assistance. If symptoms persist beyond two weeks, become severe, or interfere with maternal functioning, further assessment for postpartum depression is required. Postpartum depression is a more serious disorder and may develop within the first few weeks or months following childbirth. It may occur gradually and can persist for several months if untreated. Risk factors include previous depression or psychiatric illness, unwanted or complicated pregnancy, lack of social support, marital or family conflict, financial difficulties, stressful life events, difficult childbirth, premature or sick newborn, breastfeeding difficulties, sleep deprivation, and previous postpartum depression. A mother with postpartum depression may have persistent sadness, frequent crying, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, excessive anxiety, irritability, fatigue, poor concentration, disturbed sleep, changes