Multilateralism in international relations refers to the practice of coordinating relations and policies among three or more states through institutions, agreements, or collective frameworks. It emphasizes cooperation, negotiation, and the establishment of rules that apply equally to all participating members, contrasting with unilateralism or bilateralism. Multilateralism became particularly prominent after World War II with the creation of organizations like the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and later the World Trade Organization, all of which seek to regulate global issues collectively. The core principles of multilateralism include indivisibility of interests, reciprocity,