Discuss the origin of oil and natural gas.
The origin of petroleum still has uncertainties despite the tremendous researches and studies devoted to it rather than any other natural substance. There are two different theories for the origin of petroleum; Organic and Inorganic origin.
Inorganic or Abiotic origin
States that hydrogen and carbon came together under great temperature and pressure, far below the earth’s surface and formed oil and gas where chemical reactions have occurred. The javascript:void(0)oil and gas then seeped through porous rock to deposit in various natural underground traps.It has also excluded the hypothesis that petroleum is a finite substance. There are some different theories that describe the inorganic origin of petroleum which include:
Metal carbide theory
Developed by a Russian chemist and states that the deposition of petroleum is controlled by tectonic activities that occurred during the life of sedimentary rock. To explain his observations, he has put forth "metal carbide theory". Metal carbides deep in Earth reacted with water at high pressure and temperature to form acetylene which condenses to heavier hydrocarbons.
Reaction equation is: Cac2+H2O= C2H2+Ca(OH)2
Volcanic theory
​Involves outgassing of the mantle via volcanic activity or eruption.
Earthquake
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