How do nuclear reactions differ from chemical reactions, discuss briefly.
Chemical and nuclear reactions can be described in similar ways using mathematics. In fact, both of these types of reactions are commonly expressed by equations. There is, however, unique properties in the nature of each of these reactions. The main difference between these phenomena is in how the reaction occurs at the atomic level. Primarily, chemical reactions only involve the electrons of an atom while nuclear reactions will involve the nucleus of an atom.
Chemical reactions are the most common type of atomic interaction on Earth, and the one that most people remember learning about in their high school science classes. A chemical reaction only involves only the electrons of a group of atoms. During a chemical reaction, each atom will form or break apart a bond with another atom. These bonds are actually the sharing of electrons between atoms. When a bond forms, the electrons of each atom will enter the orbit of the other atom and essentially orbit the nuclei of both atoms. When a bond breaks, the electrons resume their “usual” orbit around their own nuclei.
In a chemical reaction, the nucleus of each
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Write special features of coulometric methods.
At 298, the limited molar conductivity at infinite dilution of sodium benzoate, hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride are 8.24 ´ 10-3 S m2 mol-1, 4.26 ´ 10-2 S m2 mol-1 and 1.26 ´ 10-2 respectively. Calculate the limiting molar conductivity of aqueous benzoic acid.
An impure sample of CaC2O4H2O is analysed using TGA technique. TG curve of the sample indicates the total mass change from 85 mg to 30.7 mg when this sample was heated upto 1173 K. calculate the purity of the sample.
What is controlled potential electrolysis? Write its applications.
Give the advantages of amperometry.
Describe the isotope dilution analysis.
Given the following reaction half reaction:
Cd2+ + 2e ® Cd E° = - 0.403 V
Pb2+ + 2e-®Pb E° = - 0.126 V
where [Cd2+] = 0.020 M and [Pb2+] = 0.200 M
construct a galvanic cell using half cell reactions and find
i) Which half cell –reaction is the cathode?
ii) Write the cell reaction.
iii) Calculate of this galvanic cell.
iv) Calculate Ecell of this galvanic cell
v) Calculate equilibrium constant using E°cell potentials of this galvanic cell based on the construction of ions.