Question
Hetvabhas
Answer :
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In classical Indian logic, particularly within the Nyāya system, Hetvabhas refers to fallacies or defects in reasoning that occur in an argument’s middle term, or *hetu* (reason), which leads to invalid inference. A proper inference requires the *hetu* to be present in the subject and in similar instances, and absent in dissimilar instances. Hetvabhas are deviations from this ideal, resulting in unsound or misleading conclusions. The primary types of Hetvabhas identified in Nyāya philosophy are five. The first is Savyabhicara Hetu (the irregular middle), where the reason does not universally apply to
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