Question
Give the composition and functions of:
(i) Gastric juice (ii) Pancreatic juice
Answer :
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Gastric juice is a digestive secretion produced by the gastric glands of the stomach. An adult secretes approximately 1.5 to 2.5 litres of gastric juice per day. It is a clear, acidic fluid with a pH ranging from 1.5 to 3.5, which is essential for the digestion of food and protection against harmful microorganisms. The composition of gastric juice includes water, hydrochloric acid (HCl), digestive enzymes, mucus, intrinsic factor, and electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions. Water forms the major component and acts as a medium for enzymatic reactions. Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the parietal cells and provides an acidic environment necessary for digestion. Chief cells secrete pepsinogen, an inactive precursor that is converted into pepsin in the presence of HCl. Pepsin digests proteins into smaller peptides. In infants, the enzyme rennin (chymosin) helps coagulate milk protein, while gastric lipase initiates the digestion of fats to a limited extent. Mucus, secreted by mucous cells, forms a protective layer over the stomach lining, preventing damage from acid and enzymes. Intrinsic factor, also produced by parietal cells, is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the ileum. Gastric juice performs several important physiological functions. Hydrochloric acid activates pepsinogen into pepsin and
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