IGNOU MPH 17 2026 - From the isospin and hypercharge assignment show that the t and b quar

Question

From the isospin and hypercharge assignment show that the t and b quarks have charges +2/3 and -1/3 respectively.

19 Jan 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 225

In the quark model, electric charge is related to isospin and hypercharge by the Gell-Mann–Nishijima relation ( Q = I_3 + \dfrac{Y}{2} ). The top and bottom quarks form a weak isospin doublet ((t,b)). For any isospin doublet, the total isospin is (I = \tfrac{1}{2}). The third component of isospin takes the values (I_3 = +\tfrac{1}{2}) for the upper member of the doublet and (I_3 = -\tfrac{1}{2}) for the lower member. Hence, [ I_3(t) = +\tfrac{1}{2}, \qquad I_3(b) =

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