Factorial estimation of total energy expenditure
The diversity in body size, body composition and habitual physical activity among adult populations with different geographic, cultural and economic backgrounds does not allow a universal application of energy requirements based on TEE measured with DLW (or HRM) in groups with a specific lifestyle. Hence, to account for the differences in physical activity, TEE was estimated through factorial calculations that combined the time allocated to habitual activities and the energy cost of those activities. To account for differences in body size and composition, the energy cost of activities was calculated as a multiple of BMR per minute, also referred to as the physical activity ratio (PAR), and the 24-hour energy requirement was expressed as a multiple of BMR per 24 hours by using the PAL value. Together with BMR of the population, PAL when known or when derived using BMR estimated from age and gender-specific predictive
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