The role of state governments in addressing the issue of climate change is crucial because they serve as the bridge between national policies and local implementation. Climate change is a global phenomenon, but its impacts are felt locally, making the involvement of state governments indispensable. States play a significant role in developing and implementing mitigation and adaptation strategies that suit their geographical, economic, and social conditions. Their responsibilities include formulating climate action plans, promoting renewable energy, enhancing resilience, and enforcing environmental regulations. One of the primary roles of state governments in addressing climate change is the formulation and implementation of State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs). These plans are aligned with the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and focus on region-specific measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate variability. SAPCCs provide a framework for states to identify vulnerabilities, set priorities, and allocate resources effectively. They integrate sectoral policies such as energy, water, forestry, and agriculture into a comprehensive climate strategy. For instance, states like Gujarat and Tamil Nadu have been proactive in implementing their action plans, focusing on renewable energy deployment and energy efficiency. Another significant role of state governments lies in promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency. States have the power to regulate electricity generation and distribution under the Constitution, making them pivotal in scaling up clean energy initiatives. Many states have established solar and wind energy parks, set renewable purchase obligations (RPOs) for utilities, and offered incentives for green energy projects. States like Rajasthan and Gujarat have emerged as leaders in solar power generation due to favorable policies and state-level initiatives. Similarly, Maharashtra and Karnataka have invested heavily in wind energy. Energy efficiency programs, such as energy-efficient appliances and green building codes, are also promoted by state governments to reduce energy consumption and emissions. State governments also play a critical role in urban planning and transportation policies, which significantly influence greenhouse gas emissions. They are responsible