Transnational corporations (TNCs) are businesses that operate across multiple countries, often exerting significant economic and political influence globally. In recent decades, the role of TNCs in shaping global governance, particularly concerning human rights, has become a critical topic of debate. While these corporations are primarily driven by profit motives, their operations can have profound impacts on the human rights of individuals, communities, and societies. As TNCs expand their global reach, questions regarding their accountability for human rights violations have gained increasing attention.

The global presence of TNCs means they often operate in countries with weak legal frameworks or in regions where human rights abuses are prevalent. These companies may benefit from lax regulations, allowing them to exploit workers, damage the environment, and neglect local communities. For instance, garment industries in developing countries often rely on low-wage labor, with workers facing unsafe working conditions, excessive hours, and child labor.