Question
Explain the mechanisms of pollination and fertilization in gymnosperms.
Answer :
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In gymnosperms, pollination and fertilization are distinct processes adapted to their naked seeds and generally wind-pollinated reproductive structures. Pollination in gymnosperms involves the transfer of pollen grains from the male cone, or microstrobilus, to the female cone, or megastrobilus. Male cones produce microspores through meiosis, which develop into pollen grains containing male gametophytes. Female cones bear ovules, each
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