Question
Explain the mechanism of substitution reactions in trigonal bipyramidal complexes.
Answer :
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Substitution reactions in trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) complexes primarily occur through two main mechanisms: associative (A) and dissociative (D) pathways, with an intermediate possibility of an interchange (I) mechanism. The TBP geometry, common for five-coordinate complexes, has two axial and three equatorial positions, which play a crucial role in determining the reaction pathway. In the associative mechanism (A), a nucleophile approaches the metal center, forming a transient six-coordinate intermediate. This increases the coordination number from five to six temporarily. The incoming ligand preferentially occupies an equatorial position to minimize steric strain, since the equatorial sites experience less repulsion than axial sites. Following this, one of the original ligands departs, restoring the five-coordinate TBP
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