Question
Explain the mechanism of neurotoxicity by methylmercury and cardiovascular injury by cardiac glycosides.
Answer :
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Methylmercury is a potent neurotoxin that primarily affects the central nervous system. Its neurotoxicity begins with its high affinity for sulfhydryl groups, particularly in proteins and enzymes critical for neuronal function. Methylmercury readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in neurons and glial cells. Inside the neurons, it binds to thiol-containing proteins, disrupting their structure and function. This leads to oxidative stress by generating reactive oxygen species and depleting cellular antioxidants like glutathione. Mitochondrial function is also impaired, causing decreased ATP production and energy failure in neurons. Furthermore, methylmercury interferes with neurotransmitter release,
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