Question
Explain the fundamental/central problems of an economy
Answer :
Word Count : 1319
__________ ____ ______ __________ ________ __________ _________ ________.
__________ ___ _________ ________ ______ ____ ______ _______ ________.
______ ____ _____ __________ ___ _______ _________ ________ _______ ___ _____.
_________ _______ ______ __________ ________ ____ ________ _________ ____.
_______ ______ _____ __________ ______ ________ _______ ___ __________.
____ ______ _____ ___ ____ __________.
______ _______ _____ ___ __________ _________ ________ ___ _____ ________ _________ ______.
__________ _____ _____ _____ ____ _______ _________ _________ ____ ____ ____ __________.
__________ ________ __________ __________ __________.
_________ _________ ____ _____ ___ ___ ____ _________ ___.
____ ___ _________ _________ _______ ____ _______ __________ ________ ___.
_____ ____ __________ _____ __________ _____ __________ ___ _________.
___ _______ _______ _____ _____ __________ _____ _______ ____.
___ ______ _________ __________ _____ _____ _____ ________ ________ __________ ________.
___ _____ _________ ________ _______ _______ _____ ______ _____ ____ _______.
____ _______ ____ _______ __________ _________ __________ _____ ________.
___ ____ ____ _______ _______.
______ __________ ___ __________ __________ _____ _____ _______.
__________ __________ _________ ____ ____ __________.
____ _______ __________ ______ _______ _____.
__________ _________ ___ ______ ___.
________ __________ _________ ____ ___ _______ _____.
______ _____ __________ _______ ____ ________ ________ ______ ___ ________ _________.
____ _________ ___ _______ _____ _____ ________ ____ ______.
_______ ___ ______ _________ ________ __________ ____ ___ _____ __________ _______.
______ ___ _____ _______ _____ ______ ________ _____ ____ __________ ___ _______.
_________ ______ ______ ________ ________.
_____ __________ ____ ________ _____ ______.
____ ________ ___ ___ __________.
____ ___ _____ _____ ___ ______ ______ ____ _________ __________.
_____ _________ ______ ____ _____ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________.
____ ________ _________ ____ _____ __________ _________ ________ _________ _____ _________.
_______ ________ _________ ______ _________ _______ __________ ____ _________ ___ ______ _______.
___ _______ ______ ___ ________.
_________ ____ ______ _______ _______.
______ __________ _________ ______ __________ _____ ______.
______ ________ __________ _____ __________.
_____ _____ ___ _________ __________ __________ ____ _____ _________ ___ _________.
________ ______ ______ ________ ____ ___ ___ ______.
__________ __________ _______ _______ __________ ____.
____ _____ __________ ___ ________ ___ ____ ______ ___ _________.
______ __________ _____ __________ _________ _____ __________ ___ ____.
___ ________ __________ __________ ______ ______ __________ ______ _________.
_________ _______ _________ _________ ________ _________ _____ ____.
________ __________ _______ _________ ________ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _____ _______ _____ ____ _____.
________ _______ ________ ________ _____ ____ ____ ____ ________ _____ _______.
_______ ______ ______ _____ __________ _____ ________ ____.
____ ______ ________ ___ _________.
__________ __________ _____ ____ ________ ___.
____ ____ _________ ____ ________ __________ ____.
_____ ___ _______ ______ ______ _________ ________ ________ _______ __________ _________ _____.
________ ______ __________ ___ ____.
_________ _______ ______ ___ _____ _________ ____ ___ __________ ________ _________ __________.
__________ _______ _______ ____ _______ _____ ________ _______ _______.
__________ _______ ______ ___ ______ ________ ________ _____ _______.
______ _____ ___ _________ _________ ________.
____ ________ ______ _________ ___.
__________ ____ __________ __________ _______ ________ _________.
_______ ______ ___ _____ ___ _____ __________ ________ ________ _______ ____ __________.
_____ __________ _________ ________ _______ _____ ______ ______.
____ _________ _________ _________ ______ ________ ________ _______ __________ ______.
______ ________ _______ ______ _______.
____ _____ ___ _____ _________ _______.
________ ______ _____ ______ ________.
_______ _______ ______ ___ _________ __________ ______ _______.
_________ ________ ___ ______ ___ _____ ____ ___ ____ _________ ______ ____.
____ _____ __________ __________ ____ ____ _____ ______ _________ ___.
_________ __________ ______ _______ _________ __________ __________ ________ ___ ___.
______ ____ __________ ____ __________ ______.
______ ____ ________ __________ _______ _________ __________ ________ ________ ______ _____.
___ _____ _____ ___ ___ _____.
_____ ____ _____ __________ ______ __________ ______ __________ _________ ____.
__________ ______ _________ _______ _______ __________ _________ _____.
_________ __________ ____ ________ _____ ___ ______ ___ _________ ___ ________.
____ _____ ___ __________ __________.
_________ __________ _________ _____ _________ ______ ______ ________ __________ _____ _____.
_____ ____ ______ _______ ___ ________.
________ ______ _______ _____ _____ ______ _______.
_____ ______ ______ ______ ___ ____ ___ _________ __________ _________.
________ ________ _______ _____ __________ ________ ___ _________ _____ _____.
_________ _____ ____ ______ ____ _______ _____ ____ _______.
_____ _________ ____ ______ ___ __________.
_________ _______ ___ ______ _____ _________ __________ ______ ____ ____ __________ _______.
__________ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ _____ ___ _____ _______.
______ _________ ____ ________ _____.
______ ________ ________ __________ __________ ______ _______ _________ _________ _______ ________ ______.
________ __________ _____ __________ ___ ______ __________ ____ ___ _________ _________.
_____ ______ __________ ______ ______ ___ ____ _________ ________.
__________ __________ __________ _______ ____ ________ ________ ____.
_____ ____ _______ _______ _________ ________ _________ ____ ______ ___ ___.
________ ________ ___ ________ ________ ________ _________ ____ ______.
________ ____ ______ ____ _________ ______ ____ ____ ____ __________ ______.
___ _______ ___ _____ ______ _________ _______ _______ _______.
___ __________ _______ _______ ____ _______ _______ _______ _______.
__________ _____ ___ ____ ______ _______.
_______ ____ _______ ___ __________.
____ _______ ___ ____ _______ ______ _________ ________ _______ ____.
_____ ____ ________ ______ ___ _______ _____.
_____ ____ __________ __________ _______.
__________ ____ ___ ___ _________.
______ _________ _____ __________ __________ ___ ________ ___ ___ ___.
_______ _________ ______ __________ ____ ___ _________.
_____ _________ ___ ______ ________ ________ _____.
_________ _________ __________ ________ _________ ________ ____ ___ ________ ______ _____ _____.
________ _____ __________ ____ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________.
____ _____ _____ _____ _________ _______ _____ ______ _________.
____ ________ ____ ______ ___ _________ _______ _________ _________ _________ ______ __________.
__________ __________ ___ __________ ________ ___ _________.
_____ _____ _________ _________ ________ _________ __________ ____ __________.
_____ ________ __________ _____ ______ _______.
___ _____ _________ _____ __________ _________ _______ ________ ________ ____.
__________ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ __________ ________ __________ ____.
_______ ________ _______ __________ ________ ___ _________.
________ ________ _____ ______ __________.
____ ________ ________ _________ _________ ___ ___ ________ _____ _______ _______ __________.
____ ___ _________ __________ ________.
_______ ______ _________ ______ ___ ________ _______ _______ ________ ______ _________ _____.
__________ ______ ________ ____ ___ __________ ____ _______ __________ _________ _____ ___.
_______ ______ ________ ____ _______ ______ ______.
Skip in 10
किसी भी अर्थव्यवस्था के सामने मूलभूत या केंद्रीय समस्याएँ इसलिए उत्पन्न होती हैं क्योंकि मानव की आवश्यकताएँ और इच्छाएँ असीमित होती हैं, जबकि उन्हें पूरा करने के लिए उपलब्ध संसाधन सीमित होते हैं। भूमि, श्रम, पूँजी, प्राकृतिक संसाधन तथा उद्यमशीलता जैसे उत्पादन के साधन सीमित और वैकल्पिक उपयोग वाले होते हैं। इसलिए प्रत्येक अर्थव्यवस्था को यह निर्णय लेना पड़ता है कि उपलब्ध सीमित संसाधनों का उपयोग किन वस्तुओं और सेवाओं के उत्पादन में, किस मात्रा में और किस प्रकार किया जाए। अर्थशास्त्र में संसाधनों की दुर्लभता और उनके वैकल्पिक उपयोग के कारण उत्पन्न इन निर्णयों को अर्थव्यवस्था की केंद्रीय समस्याएँ कहा जाता है। सबसे पहली केंद्रीय समस्या यह निर्धारित करना है कि अर्थव्यवस्था में क्या और कितना उत्पादन किया जाए। चूँकि संसाधन सीमित हैं, इसलिए किसी अर्थव्यवस्था के लिए सभी वस्तुओं और सेवाओं का असीमित मात्रा में उत्पादन करना संभव नहीं है। उसे विभिन्न विकल्पों में से चुनाव करना पड़ता है। उदाहरण के लिए, यदि किसी देश के पास सीमित भूमि है, तो वह उस भूमि का उपयोग खाद्यान्न उत्पादन के लिए कर सकता है या कपास, गन्ना अथवा अन्य नकदी फसलों के लिए। इसी प्रकार सरकार अपने सीमित संसाधनों का उपयोग शिक्षा और स्वास्थ्य पर कर सकती है अथवा रक्षा और आधारभूत संरचना पर। इसलिए अर्थव्यवस्था को यह तय करना पड़ता है कि उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं और पूँजीगत वस्तुओं में कितना उत्पादन किया जाए, आवश्यक वस्तुओं और विलासिता की वस्तुओं में कितना उत्पादन किया जाए तथा वर्तमान उपभोग और भविष्य के निवेश के बीच कितना संतुलन रखा जाए। इस समस्या का संबंध उत्पादन की मात्रा और वस्तुओं के प्रकार दोनों से है। यदि किसी अर्थव्यवस्था में खाद्यान्न की कमी है, तो उसे विलासिता की वस्तुओं की तुलना में खाद्यान्न के उत्पादन को अधिक प्राथमिकता देनी पड़ सकती है। दूसरी ओर, यदि अर्थव्यवस्था भविष्य में अधिक उत्पादन क्षमता विकसित करना चाहती है, तो उसे
________ __________ ____ _________ ___.__________ ____ ______ __________ ________ __________ _________ ________.
__________ ___ _________ ________ ______ ____ ______ _______ ________.
______ ____ _____ __________ ___ _______ _________ ________ _______ ___ _____.
_________ _______ ______ __________ ________ ____ ________ _________ ____.
_______ ______ _____ __________ ______ ________ _______ ___ __________.
____ ______ _____ ___ ____ __________.
______ _______ _____ ___ __________ _________ ________ ___ _____ ________ _________ ______.
__________ _____ _____ _____ ____ _______ _________ _________ ____ ____ ____ __________.
__________ ________ __________ __________ __________.
_________ _________ ____ _____ ___ ___ ____ _________ ___.
____ ___ _________ _________ _______ ____ _______ __________ ________ ___.
_____ ____ __________ _____ __________ _____ __________ ___ _________.
___ _______ _______ _____ _____ __________ _____ _______ ____.
___ ______ _________ __________ _____ _____ _____ ________ ________ __________ ________.
___ _____ _________ ________ _______ _______ _____ ______ _____ ____ _______.
____ _______ ____ _______ __________ _________ __________ _____ ________.
___ ____ ____ _______ _______.
______ __________ ___ __________ __________ _____ _____ _______.
__________ __________ _________ ____ ____ __________.
____ _______ __________ ______ _______ _____.
__________ _________ ___ ______ ___.
________ __________ _________ ____ ___ _______ _____.
______ _____ __________ _______ ____ ________ ________ ______ ___ ________ _________.
____ _________ ___ _______ _____ _____ ________ ____ ______.
_______ ___ ______ _________ ________ __________ ____ ___ _____ __________ _______.
______ ___ _____ _______ _____ ______ ________ _____ ____ __________ ___ _______.
_________ ______ ______ ________ ________.
_____ __________ ____ ________ _____ ______.
____ ________ ___ ___ __________.
____ ___ _____ _____ ___ ______ ______ ____ _________ __________.
_____ _________ ______ ____ _____ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________.
____ ________ _________ ____ _____ __________ _________ ________ _________ _____ _________.
_______ ________ _________ ______ _________ _______ __________ ____ _________ ___ ______ _______.
___ _______ ______ ___ ________.
_________ ____ ______ _______ _______.
______ __________ _________ ______ __________ _____ ______.
______ ________ __________ _____ __________.
_____ _____ ___ _________ __________ __________ ____ _____ _________ ___ _________.
________ ______ ______ ________ ____ ___ ___ ______.
__________ __________ _______ _______ __________ ____.
____ _____ __________ ___ ________ ___ ____ ______ ___ _________.
______ __________ _____ __________ _________ _____ __________ ___ ____.
___ ________ __________ __________ ______ ______ __________ ______ _________.
_________ _______ _________ _________ ________ _________ _____ ____.
________ __________ _______ _________ ________ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _____ _______ _____ ____ _____.
________ _______ ________ ________ _____ ____ ____ ____ ________ _____ _______.
_______ ______ ______ _____ __________ _____ ________ ____.
____ ______ ________ ___ _________.
__________ __________ _____ ____ ________ ___.
____ ____ _________ ____ ________ __________ ____.
_____ ___ _______ ______ ______ _________ ________ ________ _______ __________ _________ _____.
________ ______ __________ ___ ____.
_________ _______ ______ ___ _____ _________ ____ ___ __________ ________ _________ __________.
__________ _______ _______ ____ _______ _____ ________ _______ _______.
__________ _______ ______ ___ ______ ________ ________ _____ _______.
______ _____ ___ _________ _________ ________.
____ ________ ______ _________ ___.
__________ ____ __________ __________ _______ ________ _________.
_______ ______ ___ _____ ___ _____ __________ ________ ________ _______ ____ __________.
_____ __________ _________ ________ _______ _____ ______ ______.
____ _________ _________ _________ ______ ________ ________ _______ __________ ______.
______ ________ _______ ______ _______.
____ _____ ___ _____ _________ _______.
________ ______ _____ ______ ________.
_______ _______ ______ ___ _________ __________ ______ _______.
_________ ________ ___ ______ ___ _____ ____ ___ ____ _________ ______ ____.
____ _____ __________ __________ ____ ____ _____ ______ _________ ___.
_________ __________ ______ _______ _________ __________ __________ ________ ___ ___.
______ ____ __________ ____ __________ ______.
______ ____ ________ __________ _______ _________ __________ ________ ________ ______ _____.
___ _____ _____ ___ ___ _____.
_____ ____ _____ __________ ______ __________ ______ __________ _________ ____.
__________ ______ _________ _______ _______ __________ _________ _____.
_________ __________ ____ ________ _____ ___ ______ ___ _________ ___ ________.
____ _____ ___ __________ __________.
_________ __________ _________ _____ _________ ______ ______ ________ __________ _____ _____.
_____ ____ ______ _______ ___ ________.
________ ______ _______ _____ _____ ______ _______.
_____ ______ ______ ______ ___ ____ ___ _________ __________ _________.
________ ________ _______ _____ __________ ________ ___ _________ _____ _____.
_________ _____ ____ ______ ____ _______ _____ ____ _______.
_____ _________ ____ ______ ___ __________.
_________ _______ ___ ______ _____ _________ __________ ______ ____ ____ __________ _______.
__________ ___ ____ ______ ___ ___ _____ ___ _____ _______.
______ _________ ____ ________ _____.
______ ________ ________ __________ __________ ______ _______ _________ _________ _______ ________ ______.
________ __________ _____ __________ ___ ______ __________ ____ ___ _________ _________.
_____ ______ __________ ______ ______ ___ ____ _________ ________.
__________ __________ __________ _______ ____ ________ ________ ____.
_____ ____ _______ _______ _________ ________ _________ ____ ______ ___ ___.
________ ________ ___ ________ ________ ________ _________ ____ ______.
________ ____ ______ ____ _________ ______ ____ ____ ____ __________ ______.
___ _______ ___ _____ ______ _________ _______ _______ _______.
___ __________ _______ _______ ____ _______ _______ _______ _______.
__________ _____ ___ ____ ______ _______.
_______ ____ _______ ___ __________.
____ _______ ___ ____ _______ ______ _________ ________ _______ ____.
_____ ____ ________ ______ ___ _______ _____.
_____ ____ __________ __________ _______.
__________ ____ ___ ___ _________.
______ _________ _____ __________ __________ ___ ________ ___ ___ ___.
_______ _________ ______ __________ ____ ___ _________.
_____ _________ ___ ______ ________ ________ _____.
_________ _________ __________ ________ _________ ________ ____ ___ ________ ______ _____ _____.
________ _____ __________ ____ _________ ____ __________ _____ _________.
____ _____ _____ _____ _________ _______ _____ ______ _________.
____ ________ ____ ______ ___ _________ _______ _________ _________ _________ ______ __________.
__________ __________ ___ __________ ________ ___ _________.
_____ _____ _________ _________ ________ _________ __________ ____ __________.
_____ ________ __________ _____ ______ _______.
___ _____ _________ _____ __________ _________ _______ ________ ________ ____.
__________ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ __________ ________ __________ ____.
_______ ________ _______ __________ ________ ___ _________.
________ ________ _____ ______ __________.
____ ________ ________ _________ _________ ___ ___ ________ _____ _______ _______ __________.
____ ___ _________ __________ ________.
_______ ______ _________ ______ ___ ________ _______ _______ ________ ______ _________ _____.
__________ ______ ________ ____ ___ __________ ____ _______ __________ _________ _____ ___.
_______ ______ ________ ____ _______ ______ ______.
IGNOU ACADEMY
Your IGNOU journey, made easier.
- Solved Assignments
- Study Notes
- Guess Papers
- Question Papers
Continue Reading — It's Free
Sign in with Google to unlock more of this answer.
✓ Free access
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
Quick Google sign-in. No separate registration form.