The Paris Agreement on Climate Change is considered one of the most significant international accords aimed at addressing the urgent challenge of global climate change. It was adopted in December 2015 during the 21st Conference of Parties (COP21) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and came into force in November 2016. Unlike earlier climate treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol, which imposed legally binding emission reduction targets only on developed countries, the Paris Agreement brought all nations, both developed and developing, together into a common framework with the goal of combating climate change and adapting to its impacts. Its features reflect a balance between ambition, flexibility, and inclusiveness, making it a landmark step toward global climate governance. A key feature of the Paris Agreement is its central objective of limiting the rise in global average temperature. The agreement aims to hold the increase in global temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to restrict it even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. This goal is critical because scientific evidence has shown that exceeding the 2-degree threshold would lead to severe, widespread, and potentially irreversible consequences for ecosystems, human health, food security, and overall planetary stability. By including the 1.5-degree ambition, the agreement responded to the demands of vulnerable nations, particularly small island states and least developed countries, which face existential threats from rising sea levels and extreme weather events. Another defining feature of the Paris Agreement is its bottom-up approach through nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Unlike a top-down treaty that imposes uniform targets, the Paris Agreement allows each country to set its own climate action plan according to its national circumstances, priorities, and capabilities. These NDCs are voluntary in design, yet they are expected to represent a progression over time, with each new submission more ambitious than the previous one. Countries are required to communicate and update their NDCs every five years, ensuring a cycle of increasing ambition. Although the NDCs are not legally binding in terms of achieving specific emission reductions, the procedural obligation to submit and update them is binding, which creates transparency and accountability. The agreement also emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability through the enhanced transparency framework. Countries are required to regularly report on their greenhouse gas emissions, progress in implementing their NDCs, and support provided or received in terms of finance, technology transfer, and capacity building. These reports undergo technical expert reviews and are subjected to a facilitative multilateral consideration of progress. This framework aims to build mutual trust among countries and to ensure that all parties are making credible efforts toward their commitments, even if the exact targets are not legally enforceable. Equity and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC) are also integral to the Paris Agreement. While it recognizes that all countries