Question

 Explain the factors responsible for the failure of the Congress to contain the Muslim

09 Jul 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 667
The failure of the Indian National Congress to contain the growth of the Muslim League and prevent the demand for Pakistan was the result of a combination of political, constitutional, social, and administrative factors. Although the Congress claimed to represent all Indians irrespective of religion, several developments between the early twentieth century and 1947 strengthened the League's position among Muslims. One of the most important factors was the British policy of divide and rule. The British encouraged communal divisions by granting separate electorates under the Indian Councils Act of 1909 and later extending communal representation through the Government of India Act, 1919, and the Communal Award of 1932. These constitutional measures institutionalized religious identities in politics and enabled the Muslim League to emerge as the principal representative of Muslim interests. The Congress also committed strategic and organizational mistakes. While it
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