The Elite model of the policy process explains public policy as the outcome of decisions made by a small group of influential individuals rather than by the general public. It assumes that society is divided into two groups: a small ruling elite that possesses political, economic, and administrative power, and the large masses who have limited influence over policy decisions. The model was developed by scholars such as Thomas Dye and reflects the ideas of elite theorists like Vilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca, and C. Wright Mills. According to the Elite model, public policies are formulated by political leaders, senior bureaucrats, business groups, military leaders, and influential social elites. These groups possess greater access to information, resources, and decision-making institutions. Public opinion may influence policy only to a limited extent, while elections mainly determine