Improper waste disposal has emerged as one of the most critical environmental concerns in the modern world. The rapid pace of urbanization, industrial growth, and consumerism has led to the generation of massive quantities of waste, much of which is not managed efficiently. When waste is dumped indiscriminately in open areas, water bodies, or on land without adequate treatment, it leads to severe environmental and social impacts. Among the numerous consequences, four major impacts can be highlighted: pollution of natural resources, health hazards, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. One of the most direct impacts of improper waste disposal is the pollution of natural resources such as soil, water, and air. Dumping untreated solid waste into open landfills or directly into rivers contaminates both surface and groundwater. For example, leachate from landfills contains heavy metals, plastics, and toxic chemicals which seep into underground aquifers, making the water unsafe for drinking.