IGNOU MLIE 105 2017 2018 - Explain Lotka’s Law of Scientific Productivity. Describe the ste

Question

Explain Lotka’s Law of Scientific Productivity. Describe the steps to be followed in
studying the application of fit of Lotka’s Law to a given bibliometric data set.

11 Jan 2018

Answer :

Word Count : 698

Lotka's law, named after Alfred J. Lotka, is one of a variety of special applications of Zipf's law. It describes the frequency of publication by authors in any given field. It states that the number of authors making $x$ contributions in a given period is a fraction of the number making a single contribution, following the formula $1/x^{a}$ where a nearly always equals two, i.e., an approximate inverse-square law, where the number of authors publishing a certain number of articles is a fixed ratio to the number of authors publishing a single article. As the number of articles published increases, authors producing that many publications become less frequent. There are 1/4 as many authors publishing two articles within a specified time period as there are single-publication authors, 1/9 as many publishing three articles, 1/16 as many publishing four articles, etc. Though the law itself covers many disciplines, the actual ratios involved (as a function of 'a') are discipline-specific.

The general formula says:

$X^{n}Y=C$

$Y=C/X^{n},\,$

where X is the number of publications, Y the relative frequency of authors with X publications, and n and $C$ are constants depending on the specific field ( $n \approx 2$ ).

Lotka was the first to observe and analyse the productivity patterns of authors in a sample data from Chemistry and Physics. He came out with a general formula, known as Lotka’s law and it can be written as

Image ignouacademy-com--p-lotkas-40955

where, y is the

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