Tribal societies in India possess diverse political structures that regulate social relations, maintain order, settle disputes and provide leadership to the community. These structures have developed according to ecological conditions, kinship systems, economic organization and historical experiences. Although tribal political institutions differ from one community to another, they generally combine traditional authority, customary law and collective decision-making. The simplest form of tribal political organization is based on the family, clan and lineage. Kinship provides the foundation for political relationships in many tribal communities. The head of a family or lineage may exercise authority over its members, while clan elders often perform important social and political functions. In several tribes, decisions affecting the group are discussed collectively by elders who possess knowledge of customs, traditions and customary laws. Village-level institutions constitute an important political structure among Indian tribes. The village council, often consisting of elders and influential members, deals