Goa, one of India’s most visited coastal destinations, provides a clear example of how tourism can generate both economic vitality and environmental strain. Known for its beaches, biodiversity-rich estuaries, and cultural landscapes, Goa attracts millions of domestic and international tourists each year. While tourism has improved local livelihoods and infrastructure, it has also created significant ecological pressures on coastal systems, water resources, waste management, and biodiversity. The rapid expansion of tourism-related infrastructure, including resorts, restaurants, roads, and entertainment facilities, has transformed natural habitats and intensified the vulnerability of fragile coastal ecosystems. One of the most visible environmental impacts of tourism in Goa is coastal degradation. Construction of beachfront hotels and recreational spaces has often required clearing sand dunes and mangroves, which naturally protect the shoreline from erosion and storms. The removal of these natural buffers increases coastal vulnerability to tidal surges and sea-level rise. Heavy footfall, beach parties, and vehicle movement on sandy areas disturb natural sediment patterns and accelerate erosion. Over time, popular beaches such as Baga and Calangute have experienced shrinking shorelines and declining natural vegetation cover, illustrating how tourism-driven land use changes can alter coastal geomorphology. Water resource depletion is another serious consequence of mass tourism. The hospitality industry demands large volumes of freshwater for swimming pools, landscaping, and guest consumption. During peak tourist seasons, the local water supply is often stretched beyond sustainable limits,