Question

Examine the concept, features and characteristics of good governance.

13 Jan 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 1162
The concept of good governance has emerged as a central theme in contemporary public administration, reflecting the growing concern with the quality of governance rather than merely the capacity of governments to rule. It signifies a shift from traditional, hierarchical models of administration toward a more inclusive, transparent, accountable, and responsive framework of governing public affairs. In the context of public administration, good governance refers to the manner in which power is exercised in the management of public resources and the conduct of public affairs, with the ultimate aim of promoting human development, social justice, and sustainable growth. The idea of good governance gained prominence during the late twentieth century, particularly through the discourse of international organizations such as the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme, and other development agencies. These institutions emphasized that economic development and effective administration are deeply influenced by the quality of governance. From the perspective of public administration, good governance goes beyond administrative efficiency and effectiveness; it encompasses normative values such as accountability, transparency, participation, equity, and adherence to the rule of law. It recognizes that public administration is not value-neutral but is embedded in social, political, and ethical contexts. At its core, good governance is based on the principle that the state exists to serve the people. It emphasizes the role of public institutions in facilitating collective decision-making processes that are inclusive and responsive to societal needs. Unlike the traditional bureaucratic model, which focused on rules, hierarchy, and control, good governance stresses collaboration among the state, civil society, and the private sector. This pluralistic approach acknowledges that governance is a shared responsibility and that effective public administration requires coordination among multiple actors and institutions. One of the most significant features of good governance is accountability. Accountability implies that public officials and institutions are answerable for their actions and decisions to the people and to other oversight mechanisms. In public administration, accountability operates at multiple levels, including political accountability to elected representatives, administrative accountability within bureaucratic hierarchies, legal accountability through courts and tribunals, and social accountability through civil society and the media. Good governance ensures that mechanisms are in place to monitor performance, prevent abuse of power, and enforce standards of conduct. Without accountability, public administration risks becoming arbitrary, inefficient, and detached from public interest. Transparency is another
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