Question
DNA स्तर पर पॉलीमोर्फिज़्म (बहुरूपता)।
Answer :
Word Count : 493
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DNA स्तर पर पॉलीमोर्फिज़्म या बहुरूपता से आशय किसी जनसंख्या में DNA अनुक्रम के ऐसे आनुवंशिक रूपांतरों से है जो अपेक्षाकृत सामान्य रूप से पाए जाते हैं। सामान्यतः यदि किसी DNA स्थान पर दो या दो से अधिक वैकल्पिक रूप एक निश्चित आवृत्ति से जनसंख्या में मौजूद हों, तो उसे पॉलीमोर्फिज़्म कहा जाता है। भौतिक और जैविक नृविज्ञान में इसका विशेष महत्त्व है, क्योंकि इसके माध्यम से मानव विविधता, आनुवंशिक संबंध, जनसंख्या इतिहास, प्रवासन तथा विकासवादी प्रक्रियाओं का अध्ययन किया जाता है। DNA पॉलीमोर्फिज़्म कई प्रकार का हो सकता है। सबसे सरल प्रकार सिंगल न्यूक्लियोटाइड पॉलीमोर्फिज़्म (SNP) है, जिसमें DNA के किसी एक न्यूक्लियोटाइड में अंतर पाया जाता है। उदाहरण के लिए, किसी व्यक्ति के DNA में एक स्थान पर एडेनिन (A) हो सकता है, जबकि दूसरे व्यक्ति में उसी स्थान पर ग्वानिन
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