Economic activities and the environment are closely interrelated, with each influencing the other in multiple ways. The environment provides the natural resource base, energy sources, land, water, climate, and ecosystems necessary for economic production. At the same time, economic activities modify, exploit, and sometimes degrade the environment. Economic geography examines this dynamic relationship by analyzing how environmental conditions shape the location, development, and sustainability of economic activities. The environment acts as the foundation of all economic activities. Agriculture depends on fertile soils, adequate rainfall, favorable temperatures, and water availability. Fishing relies on healthy aquatic ecosystems, while forestry depends on forest resources and biodiversity. Mining is determined by the spatial distribution of mineral deposits, and hydropower generation requires suitable river systems and topography. Thus, the natural environment influences the type, intensity, and distribution of economic activities across different regions. Climate plays a significant role in determining economic specialization. Tropical regions are suitable for crops such as tea, coffee, rubber, and sugarcane, whereas temperate regions favor wheat, barley, and dairy farming. Similarly, industrial development often depends on climatic conditions, availability of water, and accessibility to raw materials. Coastal locations promote fishing, shipping, tourism, and port-based industries due to their geographical advantages. Economic activities also transform the environment through the extraction and utilization of natural resources. Agriculture involves land clearance, irrigation, and the use of