Land reforms in developing countries have been regarded as an essential instrument for promoting equitable distribution of land, reducing rural poverty, enhancing agricultural productivity, and supporting overall rural development. However, despite the recognition of their importance, the implementation of land reforms in many developing nations has faced numerous challenges that have limited their effectiveness. These problems are deeply rooted in socio-economic, political, administrative, and institutional factors, which vary across regions but share common structural constraints. One of the major problems is the unequal distribution of land ownership that is historically embedded in feudal or semi-feudal systems. In many developing countries, land has traditionally been concentrated in the hands of a small elite class of landlords who wield significant economic and political power. These powerful groups often resist reforms that threaten their interests, using political influence, legal manipulation, and social pressure to delay or dilute reform measures. As a result, land redistribution programs frequently fail to achieve their intended targets, leaving marginal farmers and landless laborers without access to productive resources. Another critical issue is the lack of accurate land records and cadastral surveys. In many rural areas, land ownership records are outdated, incomplete, or poorly maintained, leading to disputes and legal complications. Without clear documentation, it becomes difficult for governments to identify surplus land, implement tenancy reforms, or provide ownership rights to actual cultivators. The absence of reliable land data also creates opportunities for corruption and manipulation, where influential individuals may illegally claim land or conceal their holdings to evade redistribution policies. Administrative inefficiency and weak institutional capacity further hinder land reform implementation. Land reform programs require strong governance mechanisms, trained personnel, and efficient monitoring systems. However, many developing countries face shortages of skilled staff, bureaucratic delays, and limited