Psychology as a systematic discipline has a long and complex history that reflects humanity’s enduring curiosity about the mind, behavior, and the nature of human experience. Its origin can be traced back to ancient philosophical inquiries, long before it emerged as an independent scientific field. The word “psychology” itself is derived from the Greek words “psyche,” meaning soul or mind, and “logos,” meaning study, indicating its early association with the study of the soul. In ancient civilizations, psychological thought was deeply intertwined with philosophy and religion. In ancient India, texts such as the Vedas and Upanishads explored consciousness, self, perception, and mental processes. Concepts like “Atman” and “Manas” reflected sophisticated ideas about the inner workings of the mind. Similarly, in ancient Greece, philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the groundwork for psychological thought. Plato proposed a dualistic view of mind and body, suggesting that the soul exists independently of the physical body, while Aristotle, in his work “De Anima,” emphasized a more empirical and biological approach, considering the mind as a function of the body. During the medieval period, psychological ideas were largely dominated by theological perspectives. Thinkers such as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas integrated classical philosophical ideas with Christian doctrine, focusing on the nature of the soul, free will, and moral behavior. However, the dominance of religious explanations limited empirical investigation, and psychology remained a part of philosophy. The Renaissance and the subsequent Enlightenment period marked a significant shift toward scientific inquiry and rational thought. Philosophers such as René Descartes introduced the concept of mind-body dualism, arguing that the mind and body are distinct entities that interact. Descartes’