Question
Discuss the mechanisms involved in gene silencing by RNA interference.
Answer :
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression by targeting specific mRNA molecules for degradation or translational repression. The process begins with the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the cell, which can originate from viruses, transposons, or experimentally introduced small RNAs. This dsRNA is recognized and cleaved by the RNase III enzyme Dicer into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of approximately 21–23 nucleotides in length. These siRNAs are then incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a multiprotein effector complex. Within RISC, the siRNA is unwound, and the guide strand remains
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